Operational Risk Management - 2081 Words

Operational Risk Management Operational Risk Management, otherwise known as ORM, is defined as a continual recurring process which includes risk assessment, risk decision making, and execution of risk controls, which results in acceptance, mitigation, or avoidance of risk. It is the oversight of operation risk, which is a risk arising from execution of a company’s business functions. It is a very wide concept which focuses on the risks arising from the people, systems and processes through which a company operates. It also includes other categories like fraud risks, legal risks, physical or environmental risks. As for ORM, some include the risk of loss resulting from insufficient or failed internal processes and systems; human factors;†¦show more content†¦It is an expressive list of the threats that currently affect the organization with estimates of probability. The latter identifies weaknesses in the business that allow threats to spread with great disruptive effect. The assessment combines impact analysis and probability data to prioritize the plugging of gaps, proposing, cost-justifying and comparing strategies for improvement. Then we have what is called â€Å"continuity planning† which offers the ultimate backstop where risk improvement measures have known to be unsuccessful or were unsuitable and the organization faces great disaster. It identifies what people, processes, systems, and other structures must be provided to the firm in good time to guarantee and preserve its ability to exist. Last but not least, we have â€Å"assurance†, which is nothing but a set of activities that help guarantee that your continuity provisions work. Training encourages staff to build up a consistent understanding of risk and continuity issues , building familiarity with aspects that could affect them. Periodic review or audit ensures your continuity provisions still reflect the needs of the business. Preparation and testing offer controlled means of simulating real incidents, ironing out problems under safe conditions In addition to this, both the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Navy have come upShow MoreRelatedOperational Risk Management50825 Words   |  204 Pages≈√ F M A G u i d e l i n e s on Operational Risk Management These guidelines were prepared by the Oesterreichische Nationalbank in cooperation with the Financial Market Authority Published by: Oesterreichische Nationalbank (OeNB) Otto-Wagner-Platz 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria Austrian Financial Market Authority (FMA) Praterstraße 23, 1020 Vienna, Austria Produced by: Oesterreichische Nationalbank Editor in chief: Gà ¼nther Thonabauer, Communications Division (OeNB) Barbara Nà ¶sslingerRead MoreOperational Risk Management2610 Words   |  11 PagesCORPORATE RISK MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT (ORM) IN BANKS Risk is inherent in any walk of life in general and in financial sectors in particular. Till recently, due to regulated environment, banks could not afford to take risks. But of late, banks are exposed to same competition and hence are compelled to encounter various types of financial and non-financial risks. Risks and uncertainties form an integral part of banking which by nature entails taking risks. There areRead MoreWhat Is Operational Risk Management, Kri And Kpi?1548 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction 1.1 What is operational risk management, KRI and KPI? Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people, systems or external events where strategic, systemic and reputation risk are not included. KRI KPI: Definition of KRI - â€Å"It is a metric for measuring the likelihood that the combined probability of an event and its consequences will exceed the organization’s risk appetite and have a very negative impact on an organizations abilityRead MoreOperational Risk Management in Banking Sector: an Overview2324 Words   |  10 Pages Volume : 3 | Issue : 1 | January 2013 | ISSN - 2249-555X Operational Risk Management in Banking Sector: An overview Keywords Rakesh Chutia Assistant, State Bank of India Margheita-786181 Dist.-Tinsukia Assam ABSTRACT Operational risk is inherent in all banking products, activities and processes and systems and the effective management of operational risk is of paramount importance for every bank’s board and senior management. With globalization and deregulation of financial markets, increasedRead MoreScenario Analysis for Basel Ii Operational Risk Management2572 Words   |  11 PagesBASEL II OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT 1 Introduction: Scenario Analysis for Potential Catastrophic Losses 1 2 Addressing Operational Risk 3 3 Scenario Analysis in a Risk Measurement Framework 5 4 Scenario Analysis in a Risk Management Framework 6 5 Achieving Risk Measurement and Management 6 6 Conclusion: Benefiting from Scenario Analysis 7 1 Introduction: Scenario Analysis for Potential Catastrophic Losses â€Å"Are you saying that you want us to figure out how to lose R50 million?† asked the risk managerRead MoreThe Department Of Defense s Operational Risk Management Essay1590 Words   |  7 PagesFurthermore, it will look what types a factors should be looked at when making an organizations plans. In addition, this paper will look at mitigating risks, specifically cyber and physical risk mitigation and some of the different approaches risks can be mitigated. Finally, this paper will briefly look at the Department of Defense’s Operational Risk Management process and how it ties planning and mitigation together. Planning Continuity of Operations Continuity of Operations (COOP) is an effort withinRead MoreMarketing Management : Strategic And Operational Risks727 Words   |  3 PagesMarketing management consists in distributing resources in order to produce net present value to shareholders among an environment of market-product investment involving risks. A. Rappaport, 1981). As a result, a marketing strategy is defined as the method on how the organization’s resources are put at risk seeking to get competitive advantages (V. Cook, 1983). Marketing risks are present in all the aspects of the marketing plan. We can identify five main areas of risks listed below: - StrategicRead MoreOperational Risk Management in Foreign Exchange Dealing710 Words   |  3 PagesOperational Risk Management in Foreign Exchange Dealing Abstract This paper discusses operational risk management in foreign exchange dealing for commercial banks in Tanzania. The paper further defines the problem and showing evidence that the problem is still in existence and outlines areas that require further researches from other literatures with the same research problem. It outlines the questions to be used in the research and shows the relevance of the study and its significance to commercialRead MoreCapital Adequacy and Risk Management in Banks1498 Words   |  6 PagesADEQUACY FRAMEWORK AND RISK MANAGEMENT IN BANKS GUEST LECTURE: MR. R M PATTANAIK EX GM- INDIAN OVERSEAS BANK CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO  (CAR) Also known as  Capital to Risk (Weighted) Assets Ratio  (CRAR)  is the  ratio  of a  bank’s capital  to its  risk.   National regulators track a banks CAR to ensure that it can absorb a reasonable amount of loss and complies with statutory capital requirements. It is a measure of a banks capital. It is expressed as a percentage of a banks risk weighted credit exposuresRead MoreWells Fargo Risk Management Paper1418 Words   |  6 PagesWells Fargo Risk Management â€Å"Risk comes from not knowing what you’re doing.†Ã¢â‚¬â€Warren Buffet 2014 Jovan Gonzalez University of Texas at San Antonio 2/11/2014 Wells Fargo Risk Management â€Å"Risk comes from not knowing what you’re doing.†Ã¢â‚¬â€Warren Buffet 2014 Jovan Gonzalez University of Texas at San Antonio 2/11/2014 Overview When it comes to managing key risks that financial institutions face such as, credit risk, asset/liability interest rate and market risks, Wells Fargo Board

Christianity vs. Judaism - 479 Words

People are in search of understanding life and the happenings that surround them. When things go wrong, people turn to God for hope and understanding. As we look at the Jewish and the Christian faiths, both of which trace their origins back past Abraham and Moses, to the original stories of the Garden of Eden, we notice basic similarities and major differences between the two religions. The three main differences between Jewish and Christianity is the concept of God, judgment, and salvation. The most eminent difference between both religions is the concept of God. Christianity believes that God is trinity which means three persons in one the father, the son and the holy spirit. However Judaism sees God as a single entity, and†¦show more content†¦Judaism rejects the notion that Jesus or any human could be God, that God could be divisible in any way, or that God could be joined to the material world in such fashion. Comparing Judaism and Christianity we notice another differe nce. Both Christianity and Judaism believe in some form of judgment. The Christian view of judgment states that every human is a sinner, and that nothing but being saved by Gods grace can change the damnatory sentence to salvation. Christian also believe that there is a judgment after death, and that Christ will return to judge the living and dead. Those positively judged will be saved and live in Gods presence in heaven, those who are negatively judged will be cast to eternal hell. Jewish teaching is somewhat contradictory on judgment. Jews do not look for an afterlife as a reward ofdesire , the reward for a good life is the pleasure it gives God, and the rightness of doing ones duty and living a holy life in his ways. Yet another difference between both religions is the believe in salvation. Christianity seeks salvation through faith, they generally agree that salvation is secured through a relationship with Jesus Christ and daily repentance of sins. Unlike Judaism, it believes th at salvation is obtained by belief in God and ones good deeds. Furthermore, Judaism and Christianity both believe in the existence of heaven and hell. The existence of hell as the dwelling placeShow MoreRelatedChristianity And Judaism : Christianity Vs. Judaism Essay1706 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity vs. Judaism â€Å"If you take away the Jewish contribution to Christianity, there would be no Christianity. Judaism does not need Christianity to explain its existence; Christianity, however, cannot explain its existence without Judaism.† – John Hagee This quote synthesizes that Judaism was a foundation of Christianity. This is the fundamental reason they are the same; however, there are numerous reasons Judaism and Christianity are different. Comparing how these two religions justify theRead MoreJudaism Vs. Christianity And Judaism1303 Words   |  6 PagesFugate ANT 130, 75Z1 November 10, 1015 Judaism vs. Christianity Christianity and Judaism are two religions that have similarities as well as differences. I plan to explore beliefs, religious ceremonies, and religious authorities in both Christianity and Judaism. Judaism originates from the time of Abraham and God made a covenant with Abraham promising him to make his ancestry a sacred people and provide them with a holy land. Meanwhile, Christianity derives from Jesus Christ with whom theRead MoreChristianity vs. Judaism Analysis1669 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity vs. Judaism Christianity and Judaism are two Abrahamic theologies that have comparable origins, but have various beliefs, practices and teachings. Founded in 1300 BC, Judaism is one of the oldest religions in the world today. The Jewish theology began with Abraham, who God sent to Canaan, where it all began. Hebrews took Judaism as their first religion. 14 million people classify themselves as Jewish worldwide today. Coming from Judaism, Christianity was founded in 30 ADRead MoreChristianity Vs. Judaism : Religion Is The Opium Of The General Population Essay1434 Words   |  6 Pages Christianity vs. Judaism At the point when Karl Marx composed, Religion is the opium of the general population, doubtlessly he put forth this expression subsequent to understanding that individuals look to a higher Being from whom they can get request, comfort, and a purpose behind living, and in addition clarifications. The idea of the great beyond bears a despondent individual motivation to continue onward, Marx more likely than not suspected; this objective turned into an opium for them isRead MoreChristianity, Islam, And Judaism1636 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity, Islam, and Judaism All three religions believe and worship the same God but they do it in different ways. Judaism happens to be the oldest religion today but they don’t have an official creed. They aim to teach you about God, the Messiah, human beings, and the universe which makes Jewish beliefs very important to them. But it is important to understand that being Jewish is more of a race and culture than it is a religion. Some Jewish people may have no interest in Judaism. Judaism hasRead MoreWorld Religions and the North Africa/Southwest Asia Realm854 Words   |  4 Pagesreligions; Christianity, Judaism and Islam. Centuries of conflict lie at the heart of this realm due to differences in religious beliefs. In reviewing the scripture readings presented for this lesson, each religion has one intrinsic similarity; that is the belief in God. Where both Islam and Judaism view God as one entity, Christians believe in the Trinity (Father, Son and Holy Spirit), (Islam, Judaism and, 2004-2013). Review of the scripture readings show that both Judaism and Christianity areRead MoreConflicts Between Christians and Jews are Low Essay765 Words   |  4 Pagesif one does look at the similarities they will see that Judaism and Christianity have enough in common to keep them at peace even if they disagree about other things. First off both religions are monotheist meaning that they only believe in one God. Because believing in one God is very different than believing in multiple Gods, Judaism and Christianity will be able to get along because of believing in one God (Berman). Judaism and Christianity also have holy places in Jerusalem, which can help bringRead MoreMonotheistic religions, especially Judaism, Christianity, and Islam promote the belief in One God;1600 Words   |  7 PagesMonotheistic religions, especially Judaism, Christianity, and Islam promote the belief in One God; all that exists is because of God. Through prophets and scripture, God portrays moral goodness and truth. Essentially, these three religions believe that God speaks to us, unveils God’s Being, and seeks to guide us through life. In turn, humans should embody the moral goodness and excellence that is revealed to us by God. These religions are taught based upon both scripture and reason. When readingRead MoreThree Religions : One God1467 Words   |  6 PagesReligions: One God Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are three of the most influential religions in the world. Together, they account for almost four billion followers. These religions are usually referred to as the Abrahamic religions. This is because they all claim Abraham as an important pillar of their faith. Christianity, Islam, and Judaism have many things in common, including a main place of worship and holy book, but within these similarities are some major differences. Christianity is a religionRead MoreUnderstanding The Distributions Of Religions942 Words   |  4 PagesAtheism is the belief that there is no God and Agnosticism is the belief that the fact that there is a God or no God cannot be proven. Christianity is a universalizing religion. It is the dominant religion in North America, South America, Europe, and Australia. Countries with a Christian majority exist in Africa and Asia as well. There are three major branches of Christianity–Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, and Orthodoxy. In Europe, Roman Catholicism is the dominant branch in the southwest and east, Protestantism

Use Of Social Media Network In Business †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Use Of Social Media Network In Business? Answer: Introduction Use of the zone of business or social contacts through web association over different web-based social networking website like Twitter, LinkedIn, Google+, Facebook and so forth is regularly called the Social Networking. This system sets up interconnection of online groups which helps in making contacts. Advertisers and Businessmen utilize interpersonal organizations for the addition of brand acknowledgment and pick up devotion from purchasers (Aral, Dellarocas and Godes 2013). The organizations and association gets substantially simpler access to the quantity of clients through this online networking webpage alongside the customary technique for showcasing, this aides in expanding the notice of the particular business and henceforth advances the brand. In this project work we will talk about the real hugeness of Social Network in the major changes that Social Network has done to the business world. There are a few more advantages of interpersonal organization in this progressive world which we will examine further (Cumings and Dennis 2016). Facilitate we will examine about the techniques created by the business for the improvement of their business inside the informal communities. Objective of the research project To examine the criticalness of Social Network To examine the difficulties confronted in Business for Social Network To examine the need of online networking in business To examine the advantages and disadvantages of Social Network in Business Scope of the project The need of the project is to build up a consciousness of the Social Network. Assessing the requirements and utilization of this interpersonal organization in business reason. How these business are enhanced by the systems administration strategies of informal communities (Bharadwaj et al. 2013). Here, we will survey a portion of the books, articles and online journals in the writing audit part to disclose the goals identified with the interpersonal organizations in business and henceforth close the procedures and prerequisites of this long range informal communication. Literature Review In old and conventional administration approach the association fundamentally concentrates on the execution of here and now skylines, point of view from requesting outside, extraneous endorses and rewards, unequivocal control and coordination, pushing the administrative qualities and deciding resources as the business association's center asset. Be that as it may, the advanced administration approach propose the association to concentrate on the point of view from the positive center, longer term execution skyline, characteristic endorses and rewards, certain controls and coordination, pulling the administrative qualities and considerably more (Cristescu 2016). The principle point of the project is to give the readers a writing audit on multilevel concentrated on the examination zone and the subject chose on the present research. The analyst subsequently tries to look for the crevices between prior inquires about unpublished and distributed work. The exploration inside, are conveyed concentrating on the qualities of interpersonal organization in business strategies in the association. This piece of the project gives writing audit on the person to person communication and its effect on the present business world alongside its advantages and difficulties to the field. Idea of Social Networking The informal communication benefit is additionally called the web-based social networking or the person to person communication webpage is a stage administrations online that are utilized by the general population for building social relationship and systems with other individuals the individuals who shared normal enthusiasm for vocation or in different exercises or to extend the business expanding contacts with people or associations. Advertisers and agent utilizes the web-based social networking systems for expanding the acknowledgment of brands and subsequently advance steadfastness toward the clients (Holmes and O'loughlin 2014). Since, the organization has then access to the unmistakable existing client and some new clients, in this manner here the web-based social networking advances the brand name and substance. The fundamental favorable position of long range interpersonal communication for businessperson and advertisers are that the organization utilizes the informal community to enhance change rates and gives an entrance to assortment of association and old, later and new clients. Sharing different sorts of online journals, posts, pictures and so on may lead clients to the appeal of the association and consequently their compliments on organization's putting forth urges new clients to purchase the item and utilize the administration as needs be. Advancing the organization's item or administration helps in expanding the estimation of the brand expert. Increment in posts, influences the organization to rank higher in the internet searcher which helps in setting up the brand as reliable, honest to goodness and dependable. The organization utilizes the web-based social networking system to show the level of its client benefit and thus enhance the association with the customers. Alongside the advantaged there are a few drawbacks also. The online networking stage is free is as yet experiencing upgrades and support, which costs calm high and these costs, includes rapidly. An organization profile and a business needs a few quantities of supporter before the showcasing effort in the online networking begins, which created a positive Return of Interest (ROI). Single advertising systems don't work for each business event since there is uniqueness in each business and will have some extraordinary targets statistic, aggressive and history commercial centers. Therefore the way that the long range informal communication is developing continually makes it conceivable to keep pace with the difficulties, changes which impact the organization's prosperity promoting rate. Since the online networking needs to get paid from the business for the publicizing, the organizations limit the real sum the business has come to. This may enable them to get the unpaid posts for the ad. The higher the organizations achieve the more sums they acquire. The valuable use of Social Network is very effective in the modern days business. Since, advancement of business now-a-day a major difficulties for the organization due to the market potential contenders the informal community can be demonstrated as accommodating as no other conventional techniques. Informal community gives expansive number of dynamic group of onlookers utilizing different social destinations. It is not essential for the organization to utilize each and every stage for the advancement of their business item or administration however making even a solitary record can offer introduction to million quantities of individuals around the globe (Cummings and Dennis 2016). The online networking showcasing enables the client to make their stages free of cost. Be that as it may, the main speculation one needs to complete is as time. Be that as it may, there are likewise some paid commercial choices in the online networking stages which turn out to be a decent method for develo ping the business and to achieve more clients since paid advancements reflects devotion and value. Web-based social networking is a one of a kind stage which can share and thus get assistance from the supporters. Frequently paid notices get offer and likes from the devotee that enhances the advancement of the business. This gives a more extensive reach to individuals for the business. The online networking causes the general population to get insights about the brand products and enterprises given and furthermore in a different way. The online networking give a few important data about the preferences of the client that can settle on some more intelligent business choices. Aside from these advantages of online networking there are some real inconveniences of the field too. Negative inputs of shoppers may prompt disappointment of the business. There ought not to be any sort of blemishes inside the framework advancement since it is anything but difficult to get got in the online netwo rking. This can have an immense outcome enemy any business. Time and exertion are two principle things that keep up the informational quality of the business in online networking (Eriksson and Kovalainen 2015). Consequently, it is required to have vast groups and potential assets for the project of time. Person to person communication in Business The need of online networking in business is significant. Online networking can be utilized admirably as an effective instrument in the business. There are a few open doors and advantages of online networking that incorporates organizing, pulling in clients, income, exploring, mark advancement and web search tool discoverability. In this modern world of technology driven business, managing a successful team and consequently a successful business requires personal connections. Business in a broad concept is about building relationships. Hence, for successful carrying out business activities, social networking is required as much as it requires drive and discipline. Networking: This field is ended up being an important route for trading a few thoughts with the similarly invested individuals that may enhance the method for business strategies. Utilizing successfully the internet organizing destinations likewise assumes a noteworthy part in the business (Ngai, Tao and Moon 2015). This offers sharing of learning and verbal referrals inside the administration and merchandise gave by the organization. Attracting Customers: Web-based social networking is known for being a superior and more prominent approach to pull in new clients. Considering the battles of online networking mindfulness the associations can have a go at drawing in buyers and supporters by conveying great or administrations. Once the organization picks up devotees, rest can concentrate more on the customized web-based social networking efforts that urges individuals to remain. Revenue: This is the clearest strategies to produce income. Building a group or promoting the item and administration gave inside the stage of web-based social networking. The commercials that are been advanced in online networking can be connected to the sites of organization or can either interface back to the matter of web-based social networking page (Maier et al. 2015). This empowers the client to get the advantage from online networking without the need a channel. Researching: Online networking not just aides in serving the business advancement among the customers yet in addition enables the clients to monitor the contenders, their method for business and how they are enhancing in it (Saravanakumar and SuganthaLakshmi 2012). This is said to be a profitable exercise to do, if not have enough time to burn through one's own particular business advancement over the interpersonal organization. Brand Development: Utilizing interpersonal organization causes the clients to interface with the clients and connect with them inside a more individual level. Having an entrenched brand can be useful as the online networking may give the chance to advance the brand further and consequently build up the brand and give the business a voice to ad lib. Search-Engine Discoverability: The positioning of the query output of different web crawlers may influence the size and impact the interpersonal organization of the business. With increment in the social supporters, the visibility of the business site in websites likewise may increment. This is known as the Search Engines Optimization technique.Upsides and downsides of Social Networking in business Advantages of social networking in business Reduces the advertising cost Increases the deals Increases activity to sites Improves positioning on the web indexes Better client engagement Greater access to the worldwide advertisers Opportunities on customer's criticism Opportunity for leading statistical surveying about purchasers Improves the systems administration openings with clients and alternate organizations too Disadvantages of social networking in business Unclear advertising procedure may bring about decrease the advantages of the business The online nearness should be overseen by the extra assets Social media is prompt and needs every day observing Only effectively dealing with the online networking nearness may give the genuine advantages Risk of improper and undesirable conduct on the site incorporates purchasing and provocation More presentation online can possibly assault dangers and these dangers may incorporate negative criticism, data spills or hacking. Conclusion The person to person communication methodologies offer extraordinary open doors yet in addition incredible traps. For each organization utilizes the web-based social networking systems administration to advance their items and administrations the dangers gets higher. Interpersonal interaction is consequently utilized for the business and social purposes relying upon the sorts of individuals they lead and convey. The organizations and association gets substantially simpler access to the quantity of clients through this online networking webpage alongside the customary strategy for showcasing, this aides in expanding the notice of the separate business and consequently advances the brand. The long range informal communication benefit is likewise called the web-based social networking or the person to person communication website is a stage administrations online that are utilized by the general population for building social relationship and systems with other individuals the individua ls who shared basic enthusiasm for profession or in different exercises or to grow the business expanding contacts with people or associations. Long range interpersonal communication is henceforth a creating marvel which has potential utilize and advantages as the innovation advances. References Aral, S., Dellarocas, C. and Godes, D., 2013. Introduction to the special issuesocial media and business transformation: a framework for research.Information Systems Research,24(1), pp.3-13. Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O.A., Pavlou, P.A. and Venkatraman, N.V., 2013. Digital business strategy: toward a next generation of insights. Cristescu, M.P., 2016. Traditional Enterprise Business Intelligence Software Compared to Software as a Service Business Intelligence.Informatica Economica,20(1), p.39. Cummings, J. and Dennis, A., 2016. Enterprise Social Networking Sites and Knowledge Sharing Intentions in Virtual Teams. Eriksson, P. and Kovalainen, A., 2015.Qualitative methods in business research: A practical guide to social research. Sage Heymann-Reder, D., 2012.Social Media Marketing. Addison-Wesley Verlag. Holmes, K.M. and O'loughlin, N., 2014. The experiences of people with learning disabilities on social networking sites.British Journal of Learning Disabilities,42(1), pp.1-5. Jussila, J.J., Krkkinen, H. and Aramo-Immonen, H., 2014. Social media utilization in business-to-business relationships of technology industry firms.Computers in Human Behavior,30, pp.606-613. Maier, C., Laumer, S., Eckhardt, A. and Weitzel, T., 2015. Giving too much social support: social oObjective of the research projectverload on social networking sites.European Journal of Information Systems,24(5), pp.447-464. Ngai, E.W., Tao, S.S. and Moon, K.K., 2015. Social media research: Theories, constructs, and conceptual frameworks.International Journal of Information Management,35(1), pp.33-44. Oh, H. J., Ozkaya, E., LaRose, R. 2014. How does online social networking enhance life satisfaction? The relationships among online supportive interaction, affect, perceived social support, sense of community, and life satisfaction.Computers in Human Behavior,30, 69-78. Perrin, A., 2015. Social media usage.Pew Research Center. Rennie, F. and Morrison, T., 2013.E-learning and social networking handbook: Resources for higher education. Routledge. Saravanakumar, M. and SuganthaLakshmi, T., 2012. Social media marketing.Life Science Journal,9(4), pp.4444-4451. Scott, J., 2017.Social network analysis. Sage. Trusov, M., Bucklin, R.E. and Pauwels, K., 2014. Effects of word-of-mouth versus traditional marketing: findings from an internet social networking site.Journal of marketing,73(5), pp.90-102

Western civilization reflection free essay sample

In chapter one, the Sumer culture is discussed at lengths including their religion of several Gods from the â€Å"natural world† and their technology and innovations. I particularly find it interesting that despite the Sumer’s lack of mineral, they were still able to make innovations and weapons using traded copper. The Sumer people may not have had access to various resources but they are still to be thanked for technology such as the seed drill. It is very useful of the Sumerian people to be so innovative and creative despite their lack of resources. Also in chapter one, the civilization of Ancient Egypt is explored. In contrast with the Sumerians, the Egyptians did not have futile resources as their lands were renewed each year when the Nile River flooded. Although I was already aware that Alexander the Great ruled Egypt for quite some time, I still find it fascinating that Ancient Egypt thrived for so long under this sort of government and rule. We will write a custom essay sample on Western civilization reflection or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ancient Egypt witnessed several rulers all with the title of pharaoh. How the original pharaohs claimed their spot as ruler is not entirely clear, which I find interesting. What was known, however, was that the pharaohs played a larger role than just Egypt’s ruler; they embodied everything that Egypt stood for. Egyptian culture is responsible for several technological innovations such as hieroglyphs. These hieroglyphs are still, to this day, not fully understood. I find it difficult to believe given how many historians and archaeologists have studied them. These hieroglyphs are apart of one of the first written languages. Although I was already aware of this, it continues to fascinate me. In Ancient Egypt, women had rights as their own person, while not able to hold office; they were still allowed more rights than in societies to come. I find it interesting that women were given rights in this ancient society that some women in other societies would never receive. Also in Ancient Egypt, the first semi-accurate calendar was created based upon the Sun. This solar calendar was far more reliable than the former lunar calendar and was even later used, with some corrections, by Rome’s Julius Caesar. I find it especially innovative that the Egyptians were able to create such a calendar in these medieval times. The Egyptians also created their own irrigation systems to assist in their agriculture. Perhaps they were so creative and thoughtful in this because of the constant flood of the Nile River. In Ancient Egypt, the wheel was not utilized for quite sometime; it is thought that this is so because there was no lack of manpower. I find it interesting that so many Egyptians were willing to work tirelessly day after day. In Ancient Egyptian religion, to be Egyptian was to be special. The Egyptians told a vast amount of religious stories, but one of the key messages that were portrayed was that life was an endless cycle of renewal. The two central Gods, Osiris and Isis, while brother and sister, were still married. I think the fact that they are siblings and husband and wife, displays how close everyone in the Egyptian culture is, or is supposed to be. Osiris is said to be â€Å"the first pharaoh† and despite his brothers several attempts, he could not be killed. In Egyptian religion, it is proper to mummify the dead so to preserve them as they enter their next cycle of life. I find it interesting that the richer citizens were buried with several luxury items to use in their next stage in life. The extensive procedures that go into the mummification process are extremely interesting to me because their work was so intricate several mummies are still intact today. Also buried with the mummies were â€Å"coffin texts† which contained magic spells and instructions that might be needed in their future life. By the Middle Kingdom era, it was difficult for the majority of Egyptians to ensure that their bodies would be taken care of after their passing. As important religion was to the Ancient Egyptians, I would have thought that there would have been more assurance and opportunities to be mummified after their deaths.